Which of the following strategies is least effective for improving reading fluency?

The least effective strategy for improving reading fluency is reading slow and methodical text aloud. Fluency in reading involves the ability to read smoothly and at an appropriate speed, incorporating proper expression and comprehension. Reading slowly and methodically can often lead to an overly cautious approach, which may inhibit the development of natural reading rhythm and pacing that are essential for fluency.

In contrast, repeated readings of familiar texts allows readers to become more comfortable and efficient with the material, leading to improvements in speed and expression. Listening to fluent readers exposes learners to appropriate pacing and intonation, helping them mimic and internalize fluent reading skills. Sustained silent reading encourages students to engage with texts independently over time, fostering fluency as they practice reading consistently.