Which of the following skills is most closely related to phonemic awareness?

Phonemic awareness is the understanding that words are made up of individual sounds, or phonemes, and involves the ability to hear, recognize, and manipulate these sounds. The skill of recognizing and manipulating sounds in words is directly tied to phonemic awareness. This skill allows individuals to segment words into individual phonemes, blend sounds to form words, and manipulate sounds to form new words, all of which are foundational elements in learning to read and write.

The other options, while related to literacy skills, do not specifically pertain to phonemic awareness. The ability to read multi-syllabic texts relates more to decoding and fluency. Summarizing written passages involves comprehension skills, and writing complex sentences is associated with writing proficiency rather than phonemic awareness. Therefore, recognizing and manipulating sounds in words is the most accurate depiction of phonemic awareness.