How can volunteers best support students' development of prosody during fluency warm-ups?

Volunteers can significantly enhance students' development of prosody during fluency warm-ups by modeling appropriate oral reading and engaging in echo reading. Prosody refers to the rhythmic and intonational aspect of language, which is essential for expressive reading. When volunteers model appropriate oral reading, they demonstrate how to use expression, pacing, and phrasing effectively. This guidance helps students understand how to convey meaning through their tone and rhythm.

Engaging in echo reading, where students mimic the intonation and expression of the volunteer after hearing them read, reinforces these concepts. This interactive practice allows students to hear fluent reading and then practice it themselves, which can improve their own prosodic skills. By experiencing these reading strategies first-hand and replicating them, students can enhance their fluency and expressiveness in reading, making the content more engaging and easier to comprehend.

Other options may provide valuable support for students in other areas of reading but do not directly address the enhancement of prosody in the same effective manner as modeling and echo reading do. For instance, monitoring pairs of students and ensuring they take turns might facilitate fluency, but it lacks the direct emphasis on the expressive qualities of reading, which are key components of prosody.